Informatics Publishing Limited

J. Sridevi ¹, S. Kowsalya ¹, N. Bhooma Mani ¹, V. K. Gopalakrishnan ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore - 641 043, IN
2 Department of Biochemistry, Karpagam University, Coimbatore - 641 021, IN

Abstract

This study was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant activities of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of black and white rice in raw and cooked form in various in vitro systems. Antioxidant and radical scavenging activities of black and white rice were assessed by using DPPH radical scavenging activity and reducing power assays. The antioxidant activity of samples was increased in a concentration or dose dependent manner. In DPPH radical scavenging activity, black rice raw ethanolic extract showed a higher inhibition activity of 88.24%. The reducing ability of ethanolic extract of raw sample of black rice was found to be 1.3 at OD700, high among all the rice samples in different processing and in different extracts. Natural antioxidants like total phenols and total flavonoids were found to be higher in the raw sample of black rice in ethanolic extract i.e. 569.67±1.98 and 144.67±0.89 mg/100 g.

Keywords

Black Rice, White Rice, Total Phenol, Flavonoid, Antioxidant, Raw, Cooked.

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S. Priyanga ¹, S. Hemmalakshmi ¹, B. Vidya ¹, P. Chella Perumal ², V. K. Gopalakrishnan ¹, K. Devaki ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Biochemistry, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, IN
2 Department of Bioinformatics, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, IN

Abstract

Macrotyloma uniflorum L. belonging to the family fabaceae is traditionally used in folklore medicine for the treatment of various ailments. To validate its use in traditional medicine it is important to evaluate its toxicity in the animal system. The aim of this study is to determine the toxicity of ethanolic extract of M. uniflorum leaves. Acute toxicity test was conducted by single oral administration of 50, 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg body weight of the animals and they were observed for toxicity signs for a period of 14 days. At the end of experiment, the effects of M. uniflorum on serum parameters such as glucose, urea, uric acid, creatinine, cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, SGOT (Serum Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase), SGPT (Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase) and total protein were analyzed. Histological analyses were also carried out. In acute toxicity study no signs of toxicity, behavioral changes and mortality were observed in the test groups of animal during the experimental period. The serum level of glucose, urea, uric acid, creatinine, SGOT, SGPT, and protein were not altered by the administration of M. uniflorum. Histopathology study indicates the normal architecture of liver and kidney. Overall, the results suggest that, the oral administration of M. uniflorum ethanolic leaf extract did not produce any significant toxic effect in rats. On the whole this study proved the safety of M. uniflorum on Wistar albino rats.

Keywords

Acute Toxicity, M. uniflorum, Biochemical Parameters.

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K. Devaki , U. Beulah , G. Akila , V. K. Gopalakrishnan

Abstract

Passiflora edulis is traditionally used in folk lore medicine for the treatment of various ailments. To validate its use in traditional medicine, it is important to evaluate its toxicity in the animal system. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the toxicological effects of oral administration of aqueous leaf extract of P. edulis in Wistar albino rats. Acute toxicity tests were conducted by the oral administration of 200, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg body weight of the animal. In subacute study, they were administered with various doses of aqueous extract of P. edulis (100, 200, 300, and 400 mg/kg body weight) to evaluate its toxicity for a period of 7 days. The effect of aqueous extract of P. edulis on organ weight, hematological, renal, and hepatic markers were analyzed. In acute toxicity study, no mortality was seen with in 24 h of the administration of P. edulis extract. No signs of neurological and behavioral changes were noticed with in 72 h. In the subacute study, the extract intake has not changed the hematological parameters such as RBC, WBC, and platelets and it was also found that the plasma level of amino transferases, ALP, urea, uric acid and, creatinine were also not altered by the administration of P. edulis extract throughout the study. The weight of organ was found to be unaltered in all the doses selected. The acute toxicity study reveals that the oral administration of the extract was found to be safe up to the dose level of 2000 mg/kg. The subacute study indicates that the extract is safe on the bone marrow function and it is neither hepatotoxic nor nephrotoxic. This supports the safety use of the aqueous extract of P. edulis in pharmacological studies.

Keywords

Acute and subacute toxicity studies, hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic, P. edulis

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